Beta-lactam antibiotics and extended spectrum beta-lactamases

Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced by bacteria, mostly members of the family Enterobacteriaceae commonly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs hydrolyze beta-lactam ring antibiotics making these ineffective therefore rendering bacteria resistance against antibiotics. The global upsurge producing causing both hospital community acquired infections urinary tract infections, pneumonia bloodstream threatens effectiveness infectious diseases treatment. ESBL families; TEM, SHV CTX-M globally disseminated frequently detected in clinical isolates as well colonization contamination isolates. Various laboratory detection methods Gram negative available. These methods; phenotypic methods, automated molecular-based varying sensitivity specificity, need technical expertise, rapidness. Therefore, they should be clearly understood before being employed for routine or research use production among Enterobacteriaceae. In addition, understanding mode action mechanisms to antibiotics, epidemiology is paramount.