Benefit transfer: Conceptual problems in estimating water quality benefits using existing studies

Measuring the Economic Benefits of Water Quality Improvement with Benefit Transfer: An Introduction for Non-Economists

-In this paper we provide an introduction to water quality benefit estimation for noneconomists. Net water quality benefits are typically measured using the concept of consumer surplus, which can be estimated using a number of economic valuation methodologies. These can be divided into direct and indirect methods. Direct methods involve questioning survey respondents to determine their consumer...

Estimating Water Quality Benefits: Theoretical and Methodological Issues

Knowledge of the benefits and costs to water users is required for a complete assessment of policies to create incentives for water quality improving changes in agricultural production. A number of benefit estimation methods are required to handle the varying nature of water quality effects. This report reviews practical approaches and theoretical foundations for estimating the economic value o...

On "Quality" in Translation Studies: issues and Problems

estimating claims reserves using ibnr reserves

شرکت های بیمه در قبال بیمه گذاران متعهد می شوند که به ازای دریافت حق بیمه، خسارت وارده به بیمه گذاران را جبران نمایند. بنابراین بیمه گر همیشه مبالغی را بر عهده دارد که متعلق به بیمه گذاران است و مربوط به تعهدات آینده می باشد. این مبالغ را ذخایر فنی یا technical reserves گویند. بیمه گر موظف است در پایان سال مالی، هنگام بستن حساب ها، ذخایر فنی را محاسبه و نگهداری کند. پس از وقوع خسارت، بیمه گذار ...

cost benefits of rehabilitation after acute coronary syndrome in iran; using an epidemiological model

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