منابع مشابه
Hallmarks of cancer: of all cancer cells, all the time?
In two landmark articles, Hanahan and Weinberg synthesized into one conceptual framework 'the hallmarks of cancer', a massive amount of information describing the characteristics of a cancer cell. Although this is neither the intention nor the belief of the authors, hallmarks are often interpreted as applying to a canonic cancer cell, or equally to all cells within a cancer. In this article, we...
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What are Lepidoptera? Butterflies, moths and skippers form the order of insects known as Lepidoptera. Estimated to include more than 150,000 species, they are widely studied and have long been known to have highly complex morphologies, fascinating lifecycles and remarkable ecologies. Their broad wings are invariably covered with arrays of minute scales. Each scale is a thin, flattened, cuticula...
متن کاملTelomerase: central regulator of all of the hallmarks of cancer.
The hallmarks of cancer described by Hanahan and Weinberg are properties that cancer cells must possess for successful transformation. It is believed that each of these hallmarks is independently driven. Although elongation of telomeres is thought to be the prime function of reactivated telomerase reverse transcriptase, this activity does not account for all its effects, such as increasing cell...
متن کاملNaturally occurring hepatitis B virus genomes bearing the hallmarks of retroviral G-->A hypermutation.
Two hypermutated genomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were cloned from sera of chronic virus carriers. Twelve percent and 26% of guanosine residues were replaced by adenosine, with the transitions being erratically distributed along the genome. G-->A substitutions showed a strong dinucleotide preference, decreasing in the order GpA > GpG > > GpC > or = GpT. Such traits are typical of retroviral G...
متن کاملThe Hallmarks of Cancer
malignant states into invasive cancers (Foulds, 1954). These observations have been rendered more con-sites, having suffered disruption through lesions as subtle as point mutations and as obvious as changes in Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology chromosome complement (e.g., Kinzler and Vogelstein, 1996). Transformation of cultured cells is itself a Cambridge, Massachuset...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Labor Studies Journal
سال: 2008
ISSN: 0160-449X,1538-9758
DOI: 10.1177/0160449x08319661