Bat flight: aerodynamics, kinematics and flight morphology
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Bat flight: aerodynamics, kinematics and flight morphology.
Bats evolved the ability of powered flight more than 50 million years ago. The modern bat is an efficient flyer and recent research on bat flight has revealed many intriguing facts. By using particle image velocimetry to visualize wake vortices, both the magnitude and time-history of aerodynamic forces can be estimated. At most speeds the downstroke generates both lift and thrust, whereas the f...
متن کاملKinematics and aerodynamics of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in horizontal flight at various flight speeds.
The kinematics and aerodynamics of the greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, in horizontal flight at a range of velocities are described. As flight speed increases there is a gradual change in the bat's wingbeat kinematics, wingbeat frequency decreasing and wingbeat strokeplane angles increasing. Associated with these changes are changes in the wings' incidence angles, particularly ...
متن کاملAerodynamics, kinematics, and energetics of horizontal flapping flight in the long-eared bat Plecotus auritus.
The kinematics, aerodynamics, and energetics of Plecotus auritus in slow horizontal flight, 2-35 m s-1, are analysed. At this speed the inclination of the stroke path is ca. 58 degrees to the horizontal, the stroke angle ca. 91 degrees, and the stroke frequency ca. 11-9 Hz. A method, based on steady-state aerodynamic and momenthum theories, is derived to calculate the lift and drag coefficients...
متن کاملAerodynamics, kinematics, and ecology of slow flight in birds
Slow flight is extremely energetically costly per unit time, yet highly important for takeoff and survival. However, at slow speeds it is presently thought that most birds do not produce beneficial aerodynamic forces during the entire wingbeat: instead they fold or flex their wings during upstroke, prompting the long-standing prediction that the upstroke produces trivial forces. There is increa...
متن کاملKinematics and aerodynamics of avian upstrokes during slow flight.
Slow flight is extremely energetically costly per unit time, yet highly important for takeoff and survival. However, at slow speeds it is presently thought that most birds do not produce beneficial aerodynamic forces during the entire wingbeat: instead they fold or flex their wings during upstroke, prompting the long-standing prediction that the upstroke produces trivial forces. There is increa...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Biology
سال: 2015
ISSN: 1477-9145,0022-0949
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.031203