منابع مشابه
Barred Preferential Arrangements
A preferential arrangement of a set is a total ordering of the elements of that set with ties allowed. A barred preferential arrangement is one in which the tied blocks of elements are ordered not only amongst themselves but also with respect to one or more bars. We present various combinatorial identities for rm,`, the number of barred preferential arrangements of ` elements with m bars, using...
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T HE European Union, or the European Community (EC) as it continues to be called in the WTO parlance, has had the most extensive network of preferential trade areas (PTAs) of any WTO member. Prior to the current wave of PTAs, christened ‘New Regionalism’ by Bhagwati (1993), the EC was a participant to half of such arrangements. Thus, according to the WTO list current at the time of writing, a t...
متن کاملPreferential trading arrangements and industrial location
This paper considers the locational effects of geographically discriminatory trade policy. A preferential move towards a free trade area pulls industry into the integrating countries. Input-output links between imperfectly competitive firms amplify this effect and, when trade barriers fall below some critical level, may lead to agglomeration with some member countries gaining industry at the ex...
متن کاملBarred Galaxies
Theoretical studies suggest that large-scale stellar bars can be highly effective in delivering gas to the central few hundred parsecs of a spiral galaxy, which may then initiate rapid star formation. Further instabilities may lead to additional inflow to physical scales relevant for active galactic nuclei. We test these predictions in light of recent observations. Compared to unbarred spirals,...
متن کاملThe Myth Of Preferential Trade Arrangements: Are PTAs Good for Global Free Trade?
The number of preferential trading arrangements (PTAs) approved under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) has increased significantly, from just one in 1949 to more than 100 today. In fact, PTAs such as the European Union and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have more power than the United Nations. In a 1995 study, the WTO Secretar...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
سال: 2013
ISSN: 1077-8926
DOI: 10.37236/2482