Banking fragility and liquidity creation: options as a substitute for deposits

Effects of Nonperforming Loans on Endogenous Banking Money Creation and Banking Sector Fragility in Iran

In recent years, a gap between banks’ deposits and loans has been emerging and rather continuously growing. Also, loans to liabilities ratio and liquidity multiplier have been decreased and increased, respectively. Furthermore, a kind of stickiness has been observed in interbank interest rate. The objective of this paper is to explain the mentioned behaviors by investigating the effects of nonp...

Liquidity Creation as Volatility Risk

We show, both theoretically and empirically, that liquidity creation induces negative exposure to volatility risk. Intuitively, liquidity creation involves taking positions that can be exploited by privately informed investors. These investors’ ability to predict future price changes makes their payoff resemble a straddle (a combination of a call and a put). By taking the other side, liquidity ...

Determinants of banking fragility

Private Liquidity and Banking Regulation

We show that the regulation of bank lending practices is necessary for the optimal provision of private liquidity. In an environment in which bankers cannot commit to repay their creditors, we show that neither an unregulated banking system nor narrow banking can provide the socially e¢ cient amount of liquidity. If the bankers provided such an amount, then they would prefer to default on their...

Liquidity, Asset Price and Banking

We consider an economy where people have the needs for liquidity because of the unanticipated consumption opportunity, yet banks may not provide su¢ cient liquidity due to imperfect technology in commitment, enforcement and record-keeping. We show a link between the liquidity generated by bank lending, the value of the asset used as collateral and aggregate economic activity. When the record-ke...