Balancing Energy Trilemma Using Hybrid Distributed Rooftop Solar PV (DRSP)/Battery/Diesel Microgrid: A Case Study in Gilutongan Island, Cordova, Cebu, Philippines

Design strategies for achieving reliable, affordable, and clean electricity are crucial energy sustainability. Attaining it requires managing the three core factors (TCF) of trilemma (ET) to increase reliability (energy equity), minimize levelized cost (LCOE) avoid potential CO2 emission (environmental sustainability) simultaneously. This paper aims present a design strategy hybrid system microgrid (HESM) model, consisting distributed rooftop solar PV (DRSP), battery, diesel-generator meet increasing demand while balancing TCF ET. The was applied in cluster 11 households Gilutongan Island, Cebu, Philippines, where there is no open land space system. study used PVSyst HOMER Pro software perform techno-enviro-economic (TEE) analysis select all feasible configurations (FSCs). To identify optimal FSC, scoring mechanism that considers LCOE based on 5% household expense limit, unmet load fraction, renewable penetration fraction used. Results show an average 32.2% excess from DRSP balance ET considered. Thus, planning when increases vital map next appropriate steps toward sustainable transition. Overall, obtained results can support project developers policymakers make informed decisions various trade-offs systems.