منابع مشابه
Bacterial toxins deliver the goods.
Some toxins produced by bacteria are so potent that scientists have long considered putting them to good use. This became possible when their structures were determined through the combined use of molecular biology and structural biochemistry. The current status of targeted toxin technology is perhaps best illustrated by exotoxin A produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium t...
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Microbots deliver the goods B y combining two not-so-effi cient DNA delivery systems into one, Demir Akin, Rashid Bashir (Purdue University, Indiana), and colleagues have engineered super effi cient, DNA-delivering “microbots.” Viruses, bacteria, and nanoparticles are used to deliver DNA to cells. But when used in the body, each delivery vehicle has its limitations. Nanoparticles have the advan...
متن کاملUsing Modified Bacterial Toxins To Deliver Vaccine Antigens Researchers are using toxins to deliver epitopes in candidate vaccines that specifically stimulate protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses
T he intracellular niche of viruses and other microbes can protect them against many elements of the immune response. Once inside host cells, these organisms are hidden from effectors of humoral immunity, and therefore T cell responses are often necessary for recognition and clearance of the pathogen. Microbial proteins in the cytosol of host cells activate CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). On...
متن کاملBacterial toxins.
Many bacterial toxins are proteins, encoded by the bacterial chromosomal genes, plasmids or phages. Lysogenic phages form part of the chromosome. The toxins are usually liberated from the organism by lysis, but some are shed with outer membrane proteins in outer membrane vesicles. An important non-protein toxin is lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, which is a constituent of the cell wall of gram ...
متن کاملBacterial toxins modifying the actin cytoskeleton.
Numerous bacterial toxins recognize the actin cytoskeleton as a target. The clostridial binary toxins (Iota and C2 families) ADP-ribosylate the actin monomers causing the dissociation of the actin filaments. The large clostridial toxins from Clostridium difficile, Clostridium sordellii and Clostridium novyi inactivate, by glucosylation, proteins from the Rho family that regulate actin polymeriz...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0027-8424,1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.16.8155