منابع مشابه
Bacterial toxins and the immune system
Microorganisms that cause persistent infection often exhibit specific adaptations that allow them to avoid the adaptive immune response. Recently, several bacterial toxins have been shown in vitro to disrupt immune cell functions. However, it remains to be established whether these activities are relevant during infection and whether these toxins have specifically evolved to disrupt the adaptiv...
متن کاملBacterial toxins and the immune system: show me the in vivo targets
Microorganisms that cause persistent infection often exhibit specific adaptations that allow them to avoid the adaptive immune response. Recently, several bacterial toxins have been shown in vitro to disrupt immune cell functions. However, it remains to be established whether these activities are relevant during infection and whether these toxins have specifically evolved to disrupt the adaptiv...
متن کاملBacterial Toxins and the Nervous System: Neurotoxins and Multipotential Toxins Interacting with Neuronal Cells
Toxins are potent molecules used by various bacteria to interact with a host organism. Some of them specifically act on neuronal cells (clostridial neurotoxins) leading to characteristics neurological affections. But many other toxins are multifunctional and recognize a wider range of cell types including neuronal cells. Various enterotoxins interact with the enteric nervous system, for example...
متن کاملBacterial toxins.
Many bacterial toxins are proteins, encoded by the bacterial chromosomal genes, plasmids or phages. Lysogenic phages form part of the chromosome. The toxins are usually liberated from the organism by lysis, but some are shed with outer membrane proteins in outer membrane vesicles. An important non-protein toxin is lipopolysaccharide or endotoxin, which is a constituent of the cell wall of gram ...
متن کاملNutrition and Immune System
تداوم سلامتی انسان با سیستم ایمنی بدن مرتبط است. این سیستم از بافتهای متنوع، سلولها و عواملی تشکیل شده است که از بدن در مقابل آنتی ژنهای مضر و پاتوژنها حفاظت می کند. سلولهای ایمنی در زمان وجود عفونت جهت محدود کردن ضایعات سلولی و بافتی، تجمع می یابند. یک شبکه نظارت متشکل از سلولهای ایمنی در تشخیص سلولهای غیر طبیعی عمل می کنند. توانایی بدن در محافظت از خود در برابر عوامل خارجی، بخصوص باکتریها، و...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Experimental Medicine
سال: 2005
ISSN: 1540-9538,0022-1007
DOI: 10.1084/jem.20050080