Bacterial conjugated linoleic acid bio-fortification of synbiotic yogurts using Propionibacterium freudenreichii as adjunct culture

Fortification of fluid skim milk with conjugated linoleic acid ( CLA

Nutraceutical products make up the fastest growing segment of the U.S. food industry. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) occurs naturally in milk at low levels and is an anticarcinogen. Research indicates that concentrations of 1 to 3 g CLA/day would provide protective anticarcinogenic benefits. Increased levels of CLA in fluid milk would produce a nutraceutical dairy beverage. The objectives of th...

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Targets

Conjugated Linoleic Acid

Conjugated linoleic acid, better known as CLA, is a fatty acid derived from the required nutrient, linoleic acid. The major structural difference between linoleic acid (an 18 carbon, polyunsaturated fatty acid) and CLA, is that linoleic acid has double bonds at carbons 9 and 12 in a cis configuration (methylene interrupted), while CLA has numerous isomers without methylene interrupted conjugate...

Enhancement of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid production by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3 fed-batch culture.

The production of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) was investigated using a fed-batch culture of Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3. DHNA is a precursor of menaquinone (MK) and is transformed to MK by combination with an isoprenoid unit. We found that ET-3 stopped MK production and increased DHNA production in an anaerobic fed-batch culture by maintaining the lactose concentration at ap...

Enhanced Propionate Formation by Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii in a Three-Electrode Amperometric Culture System.

In order to influence the fermentation pattern of Propionibacterium freudenreichii towards enhanced propionate formation, growth and product formation with glucose and lactate as energy sources were studied in a three-electrode poised-potential amperometric culture system. With anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonic acid (E(0)' = -184 mV; poised electron potential = -224 mV) or cobalt sepulchrate (E(0)' ...