منابع مشابه
Herbivore-induced, indirect plant defences.
Indirect responses are defensive strategies by which plants attract natural enemies of their herbivores that act as plant defending agents. Such defences can be either constitutively expressed or induced by the combined action of mechanical damage and low- or high-molecular-weight elicitors from the attacking herbivore. Here, we focus on two induced indirect defences, namely the de novo product...
متن کاملSpecificity of herbivore-induced plant defences.
In addition to induced direct defence, plants can defend themselves indirectly by improving the effectiveness of enemies of herbivores. Plants can respond to arthropod herbivory with the induction of a blend of volatiles that attracts predators and/or parasitoids of herbivores. Carnivorous arthropods can discriminate between infested plants and mechanically wounded plants, and between plants in...
متن کاملPlant Defences Against Herbivore and Insect Attack
The story of Adam and Eve links eating a forbidden fruit with death in the cycle of human existence (Genesis 3:1– 24). Indeed, to avoid poisoning, herbivores and omnivores such as humans must be cautious in choosing which plants and plant parts to eat. A prevailing hypothesis is that the nearly ubiquitous antiherbivore metabolites in plants were selected by coevolution with herbivores. Likewise...
متن کاملFine-tuning of defences and counter-defences in a specialised plant–herbivore system
1. The plant–herbivore arms race has been postulated to be amajor driver for generating biological and biochemical diversity on Earth. Herbivore feeding is reduced by the production of chemical and physical barriers, but increases plant resistance against subsequent attack. Accordingly, specialisation is predicted to be an outcome of herbivores being able to circumvent plant-induced defences. 2...
متن کاملSymbiotic bacteria enable olive fly larvae to overcome host defences
Ripe fruit offer readily available nutrients for many animals, including fruit fly larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae) and their associated rot-inducing bacteria. Yet, during most of their ontogeny, fruit remain chemically defended and effectively suppress herbivores and pathogens by high levels of secondary metabolites. Olive flies (Bactrocera oleae) are uniquely able to develop in unripe olives. Un...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Microbiology
سال: 2011
ISSN: 1740-1526,1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2598