Attainment of extreme high vacuum (10-10Pa) by titanium getter pump.

A Road Map to Extreme High Vacuum

Ultimate pressure of a well-designed vacuum system very much depends on pretreatments, processing and procedures [1, 2]. Until now much attention has been paid to minimizing hydrogen outgassing from the vacuum chamber wall materials, however, procedures and processing deserve further scrutiny. For reducing the gas load, high sensitivity helium leak detection techniques with sensitivities better...

Vacuum Gauge to Vacuum Pump Valve

Getter sputtering system for high-throughput fabrication of composition spreads.

We describe a sputtering system that can deposit composition spreads in an effectively UHV environment but which does not require the high-throughput paradigm to be compromised by a long pump down each time a target is changed. The system deploys four magnetron sputter guns in a cryoshroud (getter sputtering) which allows elements such as Ti and Zr to be deposited with minimal contamination by ...

Breaking DNA strands by extreme-ultraviolet laser pulses in vacuum.

Ionizing radiation induces a variety of DNA damages including single-strand breaks (SSBs), double-strand breaks (DSBs), abasic sites, modified sugars, and bases. Most theoretical and experimental studies have been focused on DNA strand scissions, in particular production of DNA double-strand breaks. DSBs have been proven to be a key damage at a molecular level responsible for the formation of c...

the effect of keeping reflective journals by language instructors on the process of reading comprehension among iranian high school students

خواندن ودرک مطلب از مهمترین مهارتها در یادگیری زبان خارجی محسوب می شود. این تحقیق تاثیر برگه های تامل برانگیز هدایت شده را در ارتقاع مهارت خواندن ودر ک مطلب در دانش اموزان دبیرستانی ایرانی بررسی می نماید. ازمجموع ?2 دانش آموز سال چهارم دبیرستان شهید رجایی شهرستان اسلامشهر¸ پس از اجرای آزمون استاندارد ((nelson 150a تعداد 39 دانش آموز که نمرات آنها یک سطح انحراف معیار بالاتر یا پایین تر ازمعدل قر...