Astrocytes in Parkinson’s Disease: From Role to Possible Intervention

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. While neuronal dysfunction central to PD, astrocytes also play important roles, both positive and negative, such roles have not yet been fully explored. This literature review serves highlight these how properties can be used increase neuron survivability. Astrocytes normally protective functions, as releasing neurotrophic factors, metabolizing glutamate, transferring healthy mitochondria neurons, or maintaining blood–brain barrier. However, in become dysfunctional contribute neurotoxicity, e.g., via impaired glutamate metabolism release inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, represent double-edged sword. Restoring astrocyte function increasing beneficial effects represents promising therapeutic approach. Strategies promoting neurotrophin release, preventing harmful reactivity, utilizing regional diversity may help restore neuroprotection.