Asprosin, a novel pleiotropic adipokine implicated in fasting and obesity-related cardio-metabolic disease: Comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

White adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ that releases an array of adipokines, which play key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and multiple other physiological processes. An altered adipokine secretion profile from depots frequently characterizes obesity related cardio-metabolic diseases. Asprosin recently discovered released response to fasting. Following secretion, asprosin acts - via olfactory G-protein coupled receptor potentially unknown receptor(s) on hepatocytes agouti-related peptide-expressing neurons the central nervous system stimulate glucose promote appetite, respectively. A growing body both vitro vivo studies have shown exert number effects different tissues. Indeed, can attenuate insulin signalling resistance skeletal muscle by increasing inflammation endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, may also protective cardiomyocytes are exposed hypoxic conditions. Moreover, clinical reported elevated circulating levels obesity, type 2 diabetes obesity-related diseases, with significant associations clinically relevant parameters. Understanding spectrum this novel essential order determine its physiologic significance as potential therapeutic target and/or biomarker disease. The present review offers comprehensive overview published literature asprosin, including preclinical studies, focusing metabolism