Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM): Management and Socioenvironmental Impacts in the Northern Amazon of Ecuador

Mining is one of the oldest economic activities mankind. Within this activity, artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) most studied sectors due to its high level environmental contamination social problems it causes. In recent years, ASGM in northern Amazon Ecuador has increased significantly, studies that describe current situation impact are scarce. sense, present study aimed analyze status socioenvironmental impacts caused by Cascales canton province Sucumbíos northeastern Ecuador. The methodological tools used were a literature review scientific gray literature, field visits assess perceived an expert judgment discuss results establish challenges. main indicate illegal informal continue be carried out upper zone Duvino rivers; 90% local miners still use mercury although legally prohibited. Among evidenced water bodies, soil atmosphere disturbance flora fauna machinery exploration process. Finally, government should focus efforts on strengthening public policies socialize importance good practices effects human health issues, all with support actors, such as ministries, universities, NGOs, associations private enterprise.