Are Urinary Biomarkers from Clinical Studies Biomarkers of Disease or Biomarkers of Medicine?

Discovery of urinary biomarkers.

A myriad of proteins and peptides can be identified in normal human urine. These are derived from a variety of sources including glomerular filtration of blood plasma, cell sloughing, apoptosis, proteolytic cleavage of cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked proteins, and secretion of exosomes by epithelial cells. Mass spectrometry-based approaches to urinary protein and peptide profil...

Predictive Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine Plasma MicroRNA Are Disease Response Biomarkers in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

Purpose: AlthoughmicroRNAs (miRNA) show potential as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer, their role as circulating cell-free disease response biomarkers remains unknown. Candidate circulating miRNA biomarkers for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) might arise fromHodgkin–Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells and/or nonmalignant tumor-infiltrating cells. HRS cells are sparse within the diseased node, embedded w...

Urinary Biomarkers: Alone Are They Enough?

The field of “novel” biomarkers for AKI is now well over 10 years old. During this era, tremendous amounts of time, effort, and money have been invested to develop clinically useful biomarkers for determination of risk, diagnosis, and prognosis. The search for clinical surrogate end points has centered on the biochemical analysis of body fluids and has not enlisted the use of imaging or molecul...

Clinical Studies of Biomarkers in Suicide Prediction

Biomarkers of cancer angioprevention for clinical studies

With the great advances made in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases over the last century, chronic degenerative diseases-cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cancer-represent the major causes of death in the developed world. Although massive efforts and investments have been made in cancer therapy, the progress made towards reducing mortality has been more successful for cardiov...