Applied Intelligent Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) to Improve the Performance of CI Engine Running on Emulsion Diesel Fuel Blends

Water-in-diesel (W/D) emulsion fuel is a potential alternative that can simultaneously lower NOx exhaust emissions and improves combustion efficiency. Additionally, there are no additional costs or engine modifications required when using W/D fuel. The proportion of water added speed crucial factors influencing behavior. This study aims to examine the impact diesel on performance pollutant compression ignition (CI) engine. had content ranging from 0 30% with 5% increment, 2% surfactant was employed. tests were performed at speeds 1000 3000 rpm. All compared standard pure in all tests. A four-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, direct-injection test bed used for experiments. measured full load various dynamometer an gas analyzer, respectively. second purpose this illustrate application two optimizers, grey wolf optimizer (GWO) intelligent (IGOW), along multivariate polynomial regression (MPR) identify optimum blend percentage enhance performance, reduce consumption, NOX operating. mixture independent variables (inputs), while brake power (BP), thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific consumption (BSFC), dependent (outcomes). It experimentally observed utilizing emulsified gasoline generally enhances decreases general. Experimentally, 2000 rpm, BSFC has minimal value 0.258 kJ/kW·h. Under same conditions, maximum BP 11.6 kW BTE 32.8% achieved. According IGWO process findings, adding 9% running 1998 rpm produced highest (11.2 kW) (33.3%) lowest (0.259 kg/kW·h) reduced by 14.3% CI powered diesel. accuracy model high, as indicated correlation coefficient R2 exceeding 0.97 mean absolute error (MAE) less than 0.04. In terms optimizer, performs better GWO determining optimal addition speed. attributed excellent exploratory capability early stages searching.