Anthrax revisited: how assessing the unpredictable can improve biosecurity

B. anthracis is one of the most often weaponized pathogens. States had it in their bioweapons programs and criminals terrorists have used or attempted to use it. This study motivated by narrative that emerging developing technologies today contribute amplification danger through greater easiness, accessibility affordability steps making an anthrax weapon. As states would way better preconditions if they decide for offensive program, we focus on bioterrorism. paper analyzes assesses possible bioterrorism threat arising from advances synthetic biology, genome editing, information availability, other emerging, converging sciences enabling technologies. Methodologically apply foresight methods encourage analysis contemporary technological advances. We developed a conceptual six-step science framework approach. It represents synthesis various methodologies including literature review, elements horizon scanning, trend impact analysis, red team exercise, free flow open-ended discussions. Our results show significant shift landscape. Increasing affordability, widespread distribution, efficiency, as well ease DNA synthesis, rapid genome-editing genomic lead ever-growing number types actors who could potentially weaponize . Understanding current future capabilities these potential misuse critically shapes landscape underlines necessary adaptation biosecurity measures spheres multi-level political decision community.