Animal models in stroke.

Animal stroke models.

Posterior circulation stroke and animal models.

The posterior circulation is part of the brain circulation that is subject to stroke. Strokes which involve the posterior circulation account for approximately 25% of all ischemic strokes, and about 10-20% of all hemorrhagic strokes. While the mortality rate from ischemic strokes in posterior circulation could be as low as 4%, the cerebellar and pontine hemorrhages carry a mortality rate close ...

Pathogenesis of Epilepsy: Challenges in Animal Models

  Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic disorders affecting individuals of all ages. A greater understanding of pathogenesis in epilepsy will likely provide the basis fundamental for development of new antiepileptic therapies that aim to prevent the epileptogenesis process or modify the progression of epilepsy in addition to treatment of epilepsy symptomatically. Therefore, severa...

Varicocele-Induced Infertility in Animal Models

Varicocele is characterized by abnormal tortuosity and dilation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus within the spermatic cord. Although several reports show the mechanisms by which the varicocele exerts its infertility impact, the exact pathophysiology for varicocele-induced inflammation and its relationship with testicular endocrine disruption remain largely unknown. This review article wil...

Neuroprotection Caused by Hyperoxia Preconditioning in Animal Stroke Models

Ischemic tolerance induced by hyperoxia (HO) can protect against brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Although multiple studies demonstrate neuroprotection by HO, the exact mechanism(s) of HO neuroprotection has not been elucidated. Here, I first review related mechanisms of brain ischemia and then data evaluating the neuroprotective effects of HO in focal and global ischemic animal mod...