Analytical approaches for discriminating native lard from other animal fats

Differentiation of lard and other animal fats based on triacylglycerols composition and principal component analysis

The composition of triacylglycerol (TAG) for the differentiation of lard and other animal fats (beef, mutton, and chicken fats) as well as cod liver oil (CLO) has been investigated using high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector. The authenticity of the used samples was determined based on their fatty (FA) acid profiles. FA compositions of the studied fats and oils w...

Detection of Lard in Binary Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Mixtures and in Some Commercial Processed Foods

Animal fats (camel, sheep, goat, rabbit and chicken) and vegetable oils (corn, sunflower, palm oil and olive oil) were substituted with different proportions (1, 5, 10 and 20%) of lard. Fatty acid composition in TG and 2-MG were determined using lipase hydrolysis and gas chromatography before and after adulteration. Results indicated that, genuine lard had a high proportion (60.97%) of the tota...

Chemistry of archaeological animal fats.

Animal fats are preserved at archaeological sites in association with unglazed pottery, human and animal remains, and other deposits or hoards. High-temperature gas chromatography (HT-GC) and combined HT-GC/mass spectrometry (HT-GC/MS) has confirmed the presence of animal fats in lipid extracts of artifacts. Degradation products and pathways have been discerned through the analyses of archaeolo...

Nuclear Analytical Techniques in Animal Sciences: New Approaches and Outcomes

Goal programming and analytical hierarchy process approaches for sustainable plantation

The aim of this study was to develop an optimal sustainable forest plantation based on goal programming and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. This study was carried out in Guilan province, north of Iran. First of all, the ecological capability of the study area for plantation establishment/maintenance was evaluated based on multi-factor method and specific ecological Makhdoum Model by ...