Analysis and Correction of Water Forward-Scattering-Induced Bathymetric Bias for Spaceborne Photon-Counting Lidar

The new spaceborne photon-counting lidar, i.e., ICESat-2, has shown great advantages in obtaining nearshore bathymetry at a global scale. forward-scattering effect the water column is one of main error sources airborne lidar (ALB). However, magnitude bathymetric bias for lidars and how can we effectively correct this have not been evaluated are very worthy investigation. In study, on quantitatively modeled analyzed based semi-analytic Monte Carlo simulation method. Meanwhile, an empirical formula correcting forward-scattering-induced specific to ICESat-2 derived. When depth exceeds 20 m, cannot be neglected even clear open ocean waters. two study areas with local situ measurements (St. Thomas Hawaii), deep waters (>20 m) corrected from exceeding 50 cm less than 13 using proposed formula. This valuable evaluate existing also fundamental optimizing hardware parameters possible future lidar.