An offer you can't refuse? Ethical implications of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis

An Offer You Can’t Refuse: Who Uses Cigarette Price Discounts?

We investigate whether and how current sales of cigarettes vary with past and future sales made under two different types of in-store price discounts: those that require a smoker to buy a carton (10 packs) and those that require a smoker to only buy a single pack. We hypothesize that different types of consumers respond to these promotions. We posit that smokers who utilize discounts tied to a ...

Invasive or non-invasive prenatal genetic diagnosis?

About 40 years ago, invasive prenatal diagnosis techniques were introduced in obstetrics. Initially, amniocentesis was performed followed by placentacentesis, fetoscopy, fetal blood sampling (FBS), and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). These procedures, while invading the uterine environment, have made it possible to proceed with the retrieval of biological tissue of fetal origin for analysis an...

Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis for aneuploidy: toward an integral ethical assessment.

The great promise of the pending introduction of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for trisomy 21 (18 and 13) is that it enables one-step, early and safe testing for these abnormalities. The ethical debate so far has been limited to possible drawbacks of routine access to this type of testing: normalization of testing and abortion and adverse effects on autonomous decision-making. We addre...

Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of Down's syndrome.

Down syndrome (trisomy 21), which has an incidence of 1 in 800 live births, is considered to be the most frequent etiology of mental retardation and it is the predominant reason for women seeking prenatal diagnosis [Driscoll & Gross, 2009]. Trisomy 21 is used as a benchmark because it is the most common aneuploidy compatible with life and is associated with mental retardation and serious congen...

Non Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis of Down Syndrome