An Ecological Toilet System Incorporated with a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process

The harmless disposal and resource utilization of human feces is important to the sanitation process. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) can convert toilet into bio-crude oil reduce waste. In this study, an integrated eco-toilet system was developed by combining vacuum micro-flush toilets with a continuous hydrothermal reactor. operated stably for over 10 h. This serve 300 households save 2759 m3 water per year compared traditional flush toilets. energy recovery from 2.87 times consumed HTL yield 28 wt%, higher heat value (HHV) 36.1 MJ/kg. biochemical compounds consisted acid ester, hydrocarbons, phenols, nitrogenous heterocyclic compound. carbon in mainly transferred oil, while nitrogen aqueous phase product. post-HTL stream could be treated used as fertilizer. achieves self-sufficiency, along savings. effectively converts realize waste reduction feces.