An Analysis of Government Interventions in Addressing Market Failures Caused by Non-Excludable and Non-Rivalrous Public Goods Based on COVID-19 Vaccination Cases
نویسندگان
چکیده
The non-excludable and non-rivalrous characteristics of public goods distinguish them from private goods. existence these two leads to the “free rider problem” variation problem, making market supply less than actual demand, thus causing failure. government should therefore intervene against this impact. At beginning 2020, global outbreak novel COVID-19 brought significant harm various countries, races, groups people. In second half several companies developed vaccines, which are able fundamentally block transmission virus. However, as vaccines have been reducing severity epidemic in certain regions, situation somewhat reflects non-excludability non-rivalry, before officially being listed vaccination programs, society may thought “vaccination would reduce risk transmission; thus, I can enjoy reduced everyone vaccinated without paying for it.” For reason, most countries purchasing through appropriations solve free-rider problem. It be said that face failure caused by goods, carry out timely intervention measures, including taxation appropriation, avoid negative impacts
منابع مشابه
The effects of market structure on industry growth: Rivalrous non-excludable capital
We analyze imperfect competition in dynamic environments where firms use rivalrous but nonexcludable industry-specific capital that is provided exogenously. Capital depreciation depends on utilization, so firms influence the evolution of the capital equipment through more or less intensive supply in the final-goods market. Strategic incentives stem from, (i) a dynamic externality, arising due t...
متن کاملNon-excludable public good experiments
We conduct a two-stage game experiment with a non-excludable public good. In the first stage, two subjects choose simultaneously whether or not they commit to contributing nothing to provide a pure public good. In the second stage, knowing the other subject’s commitment decision, subjects who did not commit in the first stage choose contributions to the public good. We found no support for the ...
متن کاملa corpus-based study of the frequency of personal pronouns in translated and comparable non-translated persian texts
چکیده ندارد.
15 صفحه اولjudgments of ielts writing task ii by non-native and native english speaking teacher raters :an outlook on inter-rating variability
abstract i the purpose of this study was to launch a thorough investigation concerning the possibility of differing orientations to the writing proficiency construct by native and non-native english speaking teacher raters. it mainly revolved around the international english language testing system (ielts) that is widely administered and employed as a measure of general proficiency in englis...
15 صفحه اولIncomplete contracts and excludable public goods ¬リニ
We study the provision of an excludable public good to discuss whether the imposition of participation constraints is desirable. It is shown that this question may equivalently be cast as follows: should a firm that produces a public good receive tax revenues, or face a self-financing requirement. The main result is that the desirability of participation constraints is shaped by an equity-effic...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Proceedings of business and economic studies
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2209-2641', '2209-265X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v4i5.2608