Agricultural Innovation and Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems in South Asia

The rice–wheat cropping system is the main food bowl in Asia, feeding billions across globe. However, productivity and long-term sustainability of this are threatened by stagnant crop yields greenhouse gas emissions from flooded rice production. negative environmental consequences excessive nitrogen fertilizer use further exacerbating situation, along with high labor water requirements transplanted rice. Residue burning has also severe concerns. Under these circumstances, many farmers South Asia have shifted to direct-seeded reported savings reduced methane emissions. There a need for opting precision agriculture techniques sustainable management nutrients. Allelopathic crops could be useful rotation weed management, major yield-reducing factor Legume incorporation might viable option improving soil health. As governments imposed strict ban on residues, rice-specific harvesters pragmatic manage residues yield premium advantage. soil/climatic conditions farmer socio-economic must considered while promoting technologies rice-wheat Asia.