Agribusiness and Supply Chain Development Policies in Nepal: A Review from Temporal Dynamics

A critical review of agriculture policies during different plan periods, aligned with political changes, has been conducted out to understand the shift in priorities, technology transfer ,support products, and private sector engagement. Firstly, 1950s, were influenced by first five-year focused on import dissemination technology. During three decades Panchayat era, there was an emphasis state mechanisms for transfer, agribusiness, research, limited incentives sector. After 1990, agricultural policy products followed a path liberalization defining state’s role promoting pluralism. This period witnessed establishment wide range cooperative-led agribusinesses, although their growth hindered conflict. Subsequently, began incorporate priorities such as nutrition security, comparative advantage, competitiveness, climate change adaptation, agrobiodiversity conservation, sustainability. However, federalization three-tier governance system 2015, policies, strategies became fragmented, diversified, localized, lack harmonization. demonstrates that largely domestic developments structural changes at international level. Nonetheless, consistent focus increasing production productivity, well achieving food security self-sufficiency, can be observed.. Throughout all supply chain development, crucial component received prioritization, which remains major impediment transformation. Despite seven evolution, Nepal unable create enabling environment attract significant cooperative investments could drive substantial agribusiness. situation calls further research field formulation capacity among tiers government foster agribusiness promote development