Aesthetics and logistics in urban parks; can moving waste receptacles to park exits decrease littering?

In this paper we test two approaches to reduce littering in urban parks that potentially reinforce each other: Relocating waste receptacles and the presence of watching eyes. Moving from interior exits a park makes collection more efficient, but can have opposing effects: Decreased because greater care inspired by perception natural beauty without artifacts like receptacles, or increased distance receptacles. Preceded an online study (N = 153), three successive field studies showed mixed evidence for when moving (Study 2 3). However, additionally attaching pictures animal eyes trees 4), litter levels seemed decrease. We conclude is best countered with combination persuasive communication physical measures.