Additively manufactured foamed polylactic acid for lightweight structures

Purpose This study aims to make foamed polylactic acid (PLA) structures with different densities by varying deposition temperatures using the material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing process. Design/methodology/approach The multiplier (EM) was calibrated for each temperature control foaming expansion. Material density determined extruded cubes optimal EM value temperature. influence of on tensile, compression and flexure characteristics foamable filament studied experimentally. Findings expansion ratio, consistency raster width gap significantly affect surface roughness printed samples. Regardless loading conditions, maximum stiffness yield strength were achieved at a 200°C when PLA specimens had no foam. When occurred (220°C temperature), reduced. Practical implications obvious benefit materials is that they are lighter consume less than bulky polymers. Injection or moulding most commonly used method creating products. However, these technologies require tooling fabricate complicated parts, which may be costly time-consuming. Conversely, MEX process can produce extremely complex parts expense, reduction in energy use optimised consumption. Originality/value investigates possibility stiff, lightweight low fractions interconnected porosity filament.