Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome: Models and Heart-Kidney Connectors

Cardiorenal Syndrome in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes

Impaired cardiac function leads to activation of the neurohumoral axis, sodium and water retention, congestion and ultimately impaired kidney function. This sequence of events has been termed the Cardiorenal Syndrome. This is different from the increase in cardiovascular complications which occur with primary kidney disease, that is, the so-called Renocardiac Syndrome. The present review discus...

Cardiorenal syndrome in acute decompensated heart failure.

Renal dysfunction is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure. Furthermore, worsening renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), the so-called cardiorenal syndrome, impacts short and long-term morbidity and mortality. In recent years, more evidence has surfaced from clinical trials and heart failure registries that a complex cross-talk between the kidney an...

Hemodynamically, the kidney is at the heart of cardiorenal syndrome.

Acute decompensated heart failure and the cardiorenal syndrome.

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalizations in the United States. Concomitant and significant renal dysfunction is common in patients with heart failure. Increasingly, the syndrome of heart failure is one of cardiorenal failure, in which concomitant cardiac and renal dysfunctions exist, with each accelerating the progression of the other. One fourth of patients hospitalized f...

Erythropoietin and the cardiorenal syndrome: cellular mechanisms on the cardiorenal connectors.

We have recently proposed severe cardiorenal syndrome (SCRS), in which cardiac and renal failure mutually amplify progressive failure of both organs. This frequent pathophysiological condition has an extremely poor prognosis. Interactions between inflammation, the renin-angiotensin system, the balance between the nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and the sympathetic nervous system form t...