منابع مشابه
Basal Ganglia Output Controls Active Avoidance Behavior.
Engrained avoidance behavior is highly adaptive when it keeps away harmful events and can be highly maladaptive when individuals elude harmless situations in anxiety disorders, but the neural circuits that mediate avoidance are poorly understood. Using DREADDs and optogenetics in mice, we show that the output of the basal ganglia through the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) controls activ...
متن کاملRole of Basal Ganglia in Swallowing Process: A Systematic Review
Objectives: The basal ganglia (BG) controls different patterns of behavior by receiving inputs from sensory-motor and pre-motor cortex and projecting it to pre-frontal, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas. As the exact role of BG in swallowing process has not been fully determined, we aimed at reviewing the published data on neurological control in the swallowing technique to have a better ...
متن کاملThe Basal Ganglia
Progress in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the cardinal motor abnormalities of Parkinson’s disease (PD), in particular akinesia and bradykinesia and their treatment, has been remarkable. Notable accomplishments include insights into the functional organization of the basal ganglia and their place in the motor system as components of a family of parallel cortico-subcortical circu...
متن کاملThe basal ganglia
The basal ganglia, said Kinnear-Wilson in the 1920s, have all the clarity of a dark basement. And so it has remained for the better part of a century. There are now major new ideas about what these deeplying structures in the forebrain may be doing. Lesions of the basal ganglia lead to devastating motor disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. In addition, the basal ga...
متن کاملThe Basal Ganglia
That the basal ganglia are related to the control of movement has been known for a long time; diseases affecting primarily the basal ganglia lead to characteristic disturbances of movement and of resting muscle tone. Improved methods for tracing fiber connections have shown, however, that the main efferent connections of the basal ganglia do not descend to motor nuclei in the brain stem and spi...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Neuroscience
سال: 2013
ISSN: 0306-4522
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.032