Activatable Optical Probes for Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging of Drug‐Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a significant cause of acute and remains major concern in drug discovery clinical use. Optical imaging, including fluorescence imaging photoacoustic has been widely used for the early accurate diagnosis DILI. Activatable optical probes can detect lesion-specific molecular alterations with high sensitivity signal-to-noise ratio, offering precise way to evaluate This review summarizes recent progress development activatable equipped or photoacousitc capabilities DILI living organisms. The designs applications these are categorized discussed according injured liver, reactive nitrogen species (RNS), oxygen (ROS), sulfur (RSS), enzymes. present challenges perspectives further advance them into also presented.