Achieving good health with a low environmental footprint – A comparison of national indicators

Background Integrated metrics that account for resource use and human health are essential to help identify support development pathways safeguard planetary health. We countries achieved the highest levels of at lowest cost Earth’s natural capital report ecological within-country analyses associations between indicators environmental sustainability, health, development. Methods used mixed-effects multiple linear regression models Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) Human Capital (HC) related Ecological Footprint (EF) CO2 production emissions, controlling Gini coefficient population density applied data 216 from 1991-2016. performed stratified by country income level likelihood-ratio tests test interaction. Results Only Jamaica (1991) Sri Lanka (2016) high HALE sustainable EF levels. Each 10% increase in was associated with 0·20 (95%CI 0·16,0·24) 0·21 0·19,0·23) increases HC respectively; emissions were also increased HC. There strong evidence interaction each model (p<0·016). Stratified showed nations decreased CO2. Conclusions Countries may offer valuable lessons national policies. Increased footprint appear higher only up a certain income.