A User-Friendly and Sustainable Toilet Based on Vermicomposting

Environmental awareness has sparked increasing interest in changing the way humans interact with their environment. This includes change paradigm of considering human manure (humanure) not as a waste but valuable bioproduct instead. In this regard, composting is an age-old technique for nutrient recovery that gained renewed interest, it may be sanitary and financially viable solution to closing loop human–nature interactions. work investigates environmental solutions toilet systems are user-friendly sustainable based on filter nutrients via vermicomposting. The methodology (1) reviewing several surveys across different continents select most appropriate interface targeted society, (2) investigating microbial dynamics activity was compared aerobic by measuring soil temperature, composition, decomposition rate, stabilization factor, biological diversity. process vermicomposting faster due presence earthworms, increase temperature volatile ammonia led earthworms burrowing into soil. Overall, flush still socially accepted interface, connection poses challenges managing high content maintaining healthy conditions earthworm population.