A Theoretical Framework for Circular Processes and Circular Impacts Through a Comprehensive Review of Indicators

Abstract Circular Economy (CE) is gaining traction among academics and stakeholders; however, there no unified framework on how to assess it. This paper proposes a that composed of two segments. The first segment includes circular processes based the value retention stages products systems different levels. second comprises impacts measuring goals CE concerning environmental performance, economic contribution, social impact. There are eight clusters processes: redesign, reduce, use reuse, re-sell, refurbish remanufacture, recycle, recover recirculate. review shows widely spread confusion overlap between indicators for impacts. A clear differentiation each category can significantly improve tools methods through which CE. work aims provide such foundation development systematic standardised assessment framework. provides relevant guidance circularity be used at (re)design phase products, materials systems, as well environmental, considerations strategies must have. Graphical