A systematic review on normal and abnormal anatomy of coronary arteries

Coronary artery (CA) disorders are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. We attempt to explain CA anatomy its variations a simple, concise, understandable way help clinicians deal with various disorders. There two main arteries: right coronary (RCA) left CA. The bifurcates into terminal branches: anterior descending (LAD) circumflex (LCX). commonest anatomical variant is trifurcation (LMCA) presence ramus intermedius (RIM), abnormal origin LCX from RCA or sinus Valsalva, unusual aortic in-between aorta pulmonary trunk, myocardial bridging, fistula aneurysm. may arise abnormally Valsalva rather than usual sinus. Furthermore, most cases fistulas affect where opens heart chambers, Although their incidence relatively rare, abnormalities critical importance medical practice. Identification normal essential because not knowing one differences can lead loss person’s life.