A subscription vs. appropriation framework for natural resource conflicts

We examine how cross-community cost or benefit spillovers, arising from the consumption of group-specific public goods, affects both inter-group conflicts over appropriation such goods and decentralized private provision for their production. Our model integrates production versus choices, vis-a-vis with voluntary supply, against a backdrop spillovers. flexible general formulation spillovers incorporates earlier specifications as alternative special cases. show that stronger negative (or weaker positive) across communities may reduce conflict increase aggregate income (and consumption) in society under certain conditions. Thus, have socially beneficial consequences. also identify conditions which impact will be conflict-augmenting income-compressing. theoretical analysis offers conceptual structure within to organize investigation feedback loops linking ethnic natural resource degradation developing country contexts.