A spray-assisted multi-effect distillation system driven by ocean thermocline energy

Ocean thermocline energy is a sustainable and reliable heat source for seawater desalination in remote islands that has no access to primary energy. To adapt the unique features of energy, i.e., sensible with small temperature gradient, we propose novel system combining direct-spray technology multi-effect distillation (MED). The steam generator conventional MED replaced by tubeless spray evaporator, which eliminates thermal resistance across transfer surface. merits this system, named spray-assisted (SMED), include reduced internal losses, higher productivity, smaller areas. quantify potential thermocline-driven SMED firstly conducted thermodynamic analysis. Comparing MED, boosts freshwater productivity 35%, while pumping power consumption required area are 58% 17%, respectively. Based on performances, economic assessed. demonstrates significant benefits due productivity. optimal cost $1.53/m3, 55% lower than under same operating conditions. originality novelty study can be summarized as follows: (a) maximizes utilization proposed; (b) detailed process model developed validated design optimization; (c) thermo-economic analysis maximize performance. derived results highlight potentials proposed making it competitive appealing solution desalination.