A Simple Family of Tropical Cyclone Models

This review discusses a simple family of models capable simulating tropical cyclone life cycles, including intensification, the formation axisymmetric version boundary layer shocks, and development an eyewall. Four are discussed, all which axisymmetric, f-plane, three-layer models. All four have same parameterizations convective mass flux air–sea interaction, but differ in their formulations radial tangential equations motion, i.e., they different dry dynamical cores. The most complete model is primitive equation (PE) model, uses unapproximated momentum for each three layers. simplest gradient balanced (GB) replaces with balance relations wind diagnostic that essentially high Rossby number local Ekman balance. Numerical integrations confirm PE can produce while GB cannot. To better understand these differences dynamics, we also consider two hybrid (HB1 HB2), from only treatment equations. Because dynamics more accurate than GB, both HB1 HB2 results similar to if solved appropriate manner.