A review on bio-crude production from algal biomass using catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction process

The rising demand for cleaner energy among the nations has turned focus from fossil fuel-based sources to renewables like biomass, solar, wind, etc. Biomass conversion fuel increased research in recent times due its ease and availability throughout year. Hydrothermal liquefaction is process where biomass converts a liquid product via complex reaction mechanisms. This review aims summarize hydrothermal of algal improvements bio-crude yield using heterogeneous homogenous catalysts. Many references have been reviewed provide critically well structured. also provided information regarding pathway effects parameters temperature, residence time, pH, on various catalysts based their dosage whose results collected tabulated. briefly discusses applications products formed during after post-processing.