A numerical investigation of tsunamis impacting dams

Landslides, rockfalls, and iceberg calving impacting into a water body generate large landslide-tsunamis posing serious hazard in lakes reservoirs. These waves can impact even overtop dams as the 1963 Vajont disaster Italy. However, estimating effects of tsunamis on dams, e.g. pressures forces, 3D is challenging. An accurate prediction these also important for range coastal offshore applications. The present study focuses numerical modelling with open source toolbox solids4foam. After validation theoretical, experimental, results, 5th order Stokes, cnoidal, solitary were simulated 72 2D experiments steep to vertical inclinations. wave loading was found be agreement predictions based an existing empirical approach, significantly expanding its limited conditions. New equations are suggested predict run-up height together overtopping volume depth. address cases where no available or result deviations from results. Novel insight dynamic pressure provided, supported by new semi-empirical equations. Further, simulations performed quantify dam curvature asymmetrical angles. Both combined induce increase at flanks up 32%. Such findings support design tsunami assessment.