A non-marine horseshoe crab from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) of the Netherlands

Abstract Horseshoe crabs (Xiphosura) have a long evolutionary history starting in the Ordovician, but they rarely been reported from Netherlands. We report on first Triassic horseshoe crab Netherlands identifiable to species level, specimen of limulid Limulitella bronnii . provide diagnosis for this and refigure holotype. The new was found Middle (Anisian) Muschelkalk sediments Vossenveld Formation, Illyrian part stratigraphic profile Winterswijk quarry complex. represents youngest occurrence L. inferred non-marine habitat elsewhere conjunction with occurrences plant insect remains within same layer at suggest herein most probably did not live marine conditions either. This has previously France Germany, expanding its geographic range northward. Several faunal elements including show resemblance roughly co-eval components Anisian Grès à Voltzia Formation NE France, suggesting paleobiogeographic connection between these regions Western Europe.