A New Fractional-Order Load Frequency Control for Multi-Renewable Energy Interconnected Plants Using Skill Optimization Algorithm

Connection between electric power networks is essential to cover any deficit in the generation of from them. The exchange powers plants during load disturbance should not be violated beyond their specified values. This can achieved by installing frequency control (LFC); therefore, this paper proposes a new metaheuristic-based approach using skill optimization algorithm (SOA) design fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID)-LFC with multi-interconnected systems. target minimizing time absolute error (ITAE) and violations. Two systems are investigated. first one has two connected photovoltaic (PV) thermal units. second system contains four plants, namely, PV, wind turbine, governor dead-band (GDB) rate constraints (GRC). Different disturbances analyzed both considered Extensive comparisons use chef-based (CBOA), jumping spider (JSOA), Bonobo (BO), Tasmanian devil (TDO), Atomic orbital search (AOS) conducted. Moreover, statistical tests Friedman ANOVA table, Wilcoxon rank test, Kruskal Wallis test implemented. Regarding interconnected areas, proposed SOA minimum fitness value 1.8779 pu 10% on plant. In addition, it outperformed all other approaches case 1% area as ITAE 0.0327 pu. obtained results proved competence reliability designing an efficient FOPID-LFC multiple sources.