A Multivariate Scaling System Is Essential to Characterize the Tropical Cyclones' Risk

The current Tropical Cyclones (TCs) scaling system, Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale (SSHWS), characterizes the hazardousness of these events solely based on wind speed. This is despite fact that TCs are classic examples compound hazards during which multiple hazard drivers wind, storm surge, and intense rainfall interact yield in impacts greater than sum individuals. Studies have shown people's decision to evacuate highly related estimated SSHWS category. Thus, -based classification yields an underestimation so may misguide threatened communities. Here, we propose a new system uses Copulas for categorizing likelihood given set severity rainfall, We use variety data sources obtain timing intensity speed, along track, associated maximum surge 102 made landfall United States' Atlantic Gulf coasts between 1979 2020. Comparing outputs our with official damage reporting costliest history States, show proposed approach significantly improves TC communication can be useful informing makers emergency responders.