A Monte Carlo simulator to investigate cell‐to‐cell deviation in a grid‐tied battery pack

Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) are commonly used in smart grids. Voltage deviation or imbalance among cells generally exists multi-cell battery packs. This work presents a study of the voltage deviation-related phenomena observed during operation grid-tied BESS, Willenhall Energy Storage System (WESS), including changes full range cycle and cut-off mechanism activated by it. Electroimpedance spectroscopy measurements equivalent circuit modelling were conducted on same type cell as that WESS to obtain cell-equivalent parameter distributions (the standard mean). Cell WESS-sized pack (> 21k cells) was studied using Monte Carlo simulation through proposed level simulator. Both experiments simulations reveal high emerges at low state-of-charge zones where internal resistance has large value extent deviation.