A liquid phosphorous flame retardant combined with expandable graphite or melamine in flexible polyurethane foam

A systematic series of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) with different concentrations flame retardants, bis([dimethoxyphosphoryl]methyl) phenyl phosphate (BDMPP), and melamine (MA) or expandable graphite (EG) was prepared. The mechanical properties the FPUFs were evaluated by a universal testing machine. pyrolysis behaviors evolved gas analysis done thermogravimetric (TGA) TGA coupled Fourier-transform infrared (TG-FTIR), respectively. fire studied limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test for horizontal burning cellular materials (UL HBF), cone calorimeter measurement. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) used to examine structure's morphology postfire char residue FPUFs. LOI HBF tests all retarded samples show improved retardancy. BDMPP plays an essential role in phase because it significantly reduces effective heat combustion (EHC). This study highlights synergistic effect caused combination EG. measured yield from is greater than sum individual effects. No dripping phenomenon occurs during FPUF-BDMPP-EGs, as demonstrated result test. EG performs excellently on smoke suppression burning, evident MA peak release rate (pHRR) significantly. well offers approach enhance retardancy suppression.