A Comprehensive Review of Lightweight Authenticated Encryption for IoT Devices

LAC: A Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Cipher

ALE: AES-Based Lightweight Authenticated Encryption

In this paper, we propose a new Authenticated Lightweight Encryption algorithm coined ALE. The basic operation of ALE is the AES round transformation and the AES-128 key schedule. ALE is an online single-pass authenticated encryption algorithm that supports optional associated data. Its security relies on using nonces. We provide an optimized low-area implementation of ALE in ASIC hardware and ...

The Hummingbird-2 Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Algorithm

Hummingbird-2 is an encryption algorithm with a 128-bit secret key and a 64-bit initialization vector. Hummingbird-2 optionally produces an authentication tag for each message processed. Like it’s predecessor Hummingbird-1, Hummingbird-2 has been targeted for low-end microcontrollers and for hardware implementation in lightweight devices such as RFID tags and wireless sensors. Compared to the p...

A Lightweight Authenticated Encryption Algorithm for RFID Systems

Security of RFID systems is a very important issue with the increasing of their applications. To achieve secure communications between a reader and a tag in RFID systems, encryption of the communication data is usually performed. However, in case of low-cost RFID tags, it is difficult for them to adopt the well-known encryption algorithms because the tags have very limited resources to implemen...

APE: Authenticated Permutation-Based Encryption for Lightweight Cryptography

The domain of lightweight cryptography focuses on cryptographic algorithms for extremely constrained devices. It is very costly to avoid nonce reuse in such environments, because this requires either a hardware source of randomness, or non-volatile memory to store a counter. At the same time, a lot of cryptographic schemes actually require the nonce assumption for their security. In this paper,...