A Comparative Study of Malonic and l-Glutamic Acids for Metal Leaching from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Kinetic and Optimization Analysis

In this research, two different hydrometallurgical processes were introduced for recycling the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) from spent LIBs. The cathode materials leached by malonic acid (MOA), as a leaching agent, and ascorbic (AA), reducing in first process, l-Glutamic (l-Glu), AA, second process. results tests showed that, with similar solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio 10 g/L recovery time 2 h both processes, when using MOA 0.25 M AA 0.03 at 88 °C, 100% lithium (Li), 80% cobalt (Co), 99% nickel (Ni), 98% manganese (Mn) extracted, l-Glu 0.39 0.04 90 Li, 79% Co, 91% Ni, 92% Mn extracted. kinetics process systems well justified Avrami equation, which was diffusion-controlled + system, apparent activation energy 3.23, 14.72, 7.77, 7.36 kJ/mol Mn, respectively. involved chemical-diffusion kinetic control, Li 9.95, 29.42, 20.15, 16.08 kJ/mol, Various characterization techniques used to explain observed synergistic effect resulted reduced consumption enhanced compared case AA. This occurred because is not able reduce recover metals without reductant, while has reductant properties.