5 – Microbiota-Dependent Behavioral Abnormalities in the Zonulin Transgenic Mouse Characterized by Increased Gut Permeability

Zonulin upregulation is associated with increased gut permeability in subjects with type 1 diabetes and their relatives.

Zonulin, a protein that modulates intestinal permeability, is upregulated in several autoimmune diseases and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes in the BB/Wor animal model of the disease. To verify the association between serum zonulin levels and in vivo intestinal permeability in patients with type 1 diabetes, both parameters were investigated in different stages of the auto...

The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice.

Pivotal to brain development and function is an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts as a gatekeeper to control the passage and exchange of molecules and nutrients between the circulatory system and the brain parenchyma. The BBB also ensures homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). We report that germ-free mice, beginning with intrauterine life, displayed increased BBB permeabil...

The microbiota modulates gut physiology and behavioral abnormalities associated with autism

Elaine Y. Hsiao1,2,*, Sara W. McBride1, Sophia Hsien1, Gil Sharon1, Embriette R. Hyde3, Tyler McCue3, Julian A. Codelli2, Janet Chow1, Sarah E. Reisman2, Joseph F. Petrosino3, Paul H. Patterson1,*,†, and Sarkis K. Mazmanian1,*,† 1Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 2Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California I...

Gut Microbiota, Microinflammation, Metabolic Profile, and Zonulin Concentration in Obese and Normal Weight Subjects

The association between gut microbiota and circulating zonulin level, a marker of intestinal permeability, has not been studied yet. The aim of the study is the assessment of plasma zonulin, haptoglobin and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α and IL-6) levels in relation to composition of gut microbiota in obese and normal weight subjects. Circulating inflammation markers, such as TNF- α , sTNFR1...

Gut Microbiota and Neuropsychiatric Disorders