4D printing of shape memory polylactic acid (PLA)

Additive manufacturing has attracted much attention in the last decade as a principal growing sector of complex manufacturing. Precise layer-by-layer patterning materials gives rise to novel designs and fabrication strategies that were previously not possible realize with conventional techniques. Using suitable organized variation printing settings, parts time-dependent shapes can be tuned through environmental stimuli realized. Given these either change their shape over time pre-programmed three-dimensional or revert an initial design, this process become referred four-dimensional (4D) printing. In regard, commonly-used polylactic acid (PLA) polymer been recognized compelling material candidate for 4D it is biobased great memory behavior employed design broad range smart products. review, we investigate properties PLA first section. Then, discuss potential printing, including principles underlying strategy PLA-based self-folding structures. The resulting exhibit response stimulus well temperature, magnetic field, light. We additionally impact geometrical conditions on functionality final printed