(2973) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Cheiranthus trilobus</i> (<i>Malcolmia triloba</i>, <i>Marcus‐kochia triloba</i>) (<i>Cruciferae</i>) with a conserved type

(2973) Cheiranthus trilobus L., Sp. Pl.: 662. 1 Mai 1753 [Angiosp.: Cruc.], nom. cons. prop. Typus: Herb. Linnaeus No. 839.24 (LINN), typ. The name Marcus-kochia triloba (L.) Al-Shehbaz (in Harvard Pap. Bot. 19: 58. 2014) (Cruciferae), based on L. (Sp. 1753) and formerly known as Malcolmia Spreng. (Syst. Veg. 2: 899. 1825), is currently applied to an annual or perennial plant distributed in Spain, Portugal, Morocco (Nogueira Castroviejo & al., Fl. Iberica 4: 80–84. 1993; Montserrat Valdés Cat. Pl. Vasc. N. Maroc 1: 252. 2002; Carapeto mapa de distribuição Flora-On: http://www.flora-on.pt/#wMalcolmia+triloba [accessed 19 Mar 2023]), introduced Corse (France) (Jeanmonod al. Candollea 67: 308. 2012). species extremely variable its division of leaves, density indumentum, flower size, style stigma length. (l.c.) published providing a short diagnosis “CHEIRANTHUS foliis dentatis obtusis, calycibus laevibus, siliquis nodosis mucronatis”, followed by the synonyms “Leucojum martimum [maritimum] minimum hispanicum vernum, erucae” cited from Tournefort (Inst. Rei Herb., ed. 3: 221. 1719), maritimum minimum” Bauhin (Pinax: 201. 1623) “Bauh. pin. Burs. XI. 28”. protologue also includes “Habitat Hispania prope insulas Stoechadum”, description: “Caules ramosi, patuli, spithamei, incani. Folia lanceolata, obtusa, unico vel duobus utrinque dentibus profundioribus. Calyces nonpilosi. Corolla purpurea, majuscula. Siliquae lineares, teretiusculae, suturis carinatae, lateribus torulis nodosae, apice longo subulato acuminatae.” Among original material trilobus, there are three relevant specimens: 273.13 (S-LINN), Burser XI: 28 (UPS-BURSER). According Jarvis (Order out Chaos: 409. 2007), “lectotype” was designated López González Anales Jard. Bot Madrid 42: 319–320. 1986) specimen as: “Lectotypus: LINN 839.24; syntypus: XI.28 (UPS), S (IDC no 273.13)”, this viewpoint subsequently adopted modern monographers (see, e.g., 53–71. 2014). sheet (LINN) bears complete plant, with flowers, fruits, annotated “trilobus” “7” at base (image available https://linnean-online.org/7665/). On other hand, S-LINN number S09-25069) some fragments, flowers “Cheiranthus” top sheet, “Malcolmia Spreng.” [handwritten Linnaeus] sheet. back, “Cheiranthus lanceolatis subdentatis retusis mucronatis subulatis. Lin. Spec. plant. 662”, “Osbeck” Linnaeus], Broussonetii De Cand.”, Spreng.”, “Hort. Ups. / 187. 3”. http://linnaeus.nrm.se/botany/fbo/c/cheir/cheitrl.html.en). This collected Pehr Osbeck matches current use traditional concept name, showing diagnostic characters (see below). However, explicitly “Burs. reference identifiable actual specimen, Joachim Burser's Hortus Siccus 28, preserved UPS-BURSER. Therefore, unfortunately, “typification” (l.c.), supported ineffective because having been Linnaeus, syntype (according ICN Art. 9.6; Turland Regnum 159. 2018) has precedence lectotype designation over unmentioned specimens illustrations (Art. 9.12). Being sole syntype, it would therefore be obligate choice for lectotype. Herbarium (UPS-BURSER 28) plants, handwritten label, minium Bauh. tuguriola (aux Cabanes) Insulas stoechadas. 28” Juel Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Upsal., ser. 4, 5(7): 70. 1923). Unfortunately, careful examination these plants shown that they do not correspond usage those combinations it. can identified belonging ramosissima (Desf.) (based Hesperis Desf., Atlant. 91, t. 161. 1798) leaves oblong, entire sinuate-dentate; pedicels 2–7 mm fruit; sepals 2.5–4.5 mm, saccate base; petals 4–6(8) mm; siliqua 15–35 × ~1 terete, torulose, pubescent, stigmas 1–2 mm. My identification agrees Juel's (l.c.: 71), who stated: “Burs:s Exemplar hat aber kleinere Blüten als jene Art und gehört nach meiner Meinung zu M. parviflora DC.” (However, smaller than and, my opinion, belongs DC.). Candolle's treated heterotypic synonym l.c.: 58; POWO, 2023: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77148312-1 22 2023]). Consequently, appears none (UPS-BURSER) agree triloba, lectotypification accordance 9.12 nomenclaturally disruptive. Accordingly, support continued well-established we propose conserve basionym conserved type under 14.9. here well-preserved (Herb. 839.24) trilobus. shows all C. (e.g., sessile stellate hairs, numerous [five more] branched radios; pinnatifid, sinuate, dentate, entire; lateral strongly 10–20 fruits straight, 2–3 2–6 mm), clearly represents application Ball Tutin Europ. 277. 1964; González, l.c.; Pujadas Salvá Clemente Muñoz Andalucía Occid. 387. 1987; Vizoso Blanca Orient. 87. 2009; Ouyahya Fennane Practique 431. 1999; Fernández Prieto Doc. Atlántico 11: 282. 2014; l.c.). If proposal accepted, lacerus [≡ lacera DC.] become which, despite observation Linnaeus's probably Raphanus epitypified Taxon 51: 532. 2002) BM (barcode BM000576294) https://data.nhm.ac.uk/object/6e541ad1-d32a-4556-8ff1-accbf023ba2b/1680048000000) 58). names have equal priority. Warwick Ann. Missouri Gard. 94: 66. 2007) included DC. Spreng., thereby establishing priority 11.5. Rejection present very undesirable consequences replace what ramosissima, new combination, “Marcus-kochia lacera”, required now triloba. only alternative reject 56, but conserving reflects preferred, will avoid any nomenclatural change combination lacera”) unnecessary confusions result rejection remove uncertainty surrounding name. PPFG, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-9302 Thanks Mats Hjertson (UPS) help study herbarium Dr. John Wiersema McNeill their advice, assistance, valuable comments improved proposal.